Import and export LCL freight documents
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July 08, 2025
In the process of importing or exporting Less than Container Load (LCL) cargo, there are three main stages that typically occur: cargo flow, cost flow, and information flow. Cargo flow refers to the movement of goods from the manufacturer's warehouse to the consignee through various transportation links. Cost flow involves all the expenses incurred during the entire transportation process, including freight charges, port fees, storage costs, and other related charges. Information flow encompasses the data exchanged throughout the transportation journey, such as changes in the goods' physical condition, packaging, and location.
The documentation process for LCL cargo is equally crucial. It can be divided into three key phases: 1) Export declaration and booking; 2) CFS receiving, packing, and port loading; and 3) Goods departure, customs clearance, and delivery at the destination. Each phase requires specific documents and careful coordination.
During the export declaration and booking stage, essential documents include the booking power of attorney, customs power of attorney, customs declaration, commercial invoice, packing list, weight list, export license, commercial inspection certificate, certificate of origin, insurance policy, and the LCL cargo packing order. These documents help determine the physical, transportation, and legal attributes of the cargo.
Physical attributes include product name, gross weight, volume, number of pieces, and packaging details. Transportation attributes cover the shipper, consignee, notifying party, vessel name, port of loading, port of discharge, and transport method. Legal attributes involve compliance with both the exporting and importing country’s regulations and customs approval.
Once the carrier accepts the goods, the LCL company must verify that all customs documents and power of attorney are accurate and complete. They must also check the availability of space on the vessel to ensure timely loading. Accurate documentation is vital to avoid delays or complications during transit.
In the second phase, CFS receiving, packing, and port loading, the LCL company must manage the second declaration and ensure all necessary documents, such as the bill of lading copy, customs copy, and port fee settlement, are properly prepared. The consignor and consignee details must be correctly filled out, along with the quantity, markings, and specifications of the cargo.
At this stage, it is critical to cross-check the consistency between the customs declaration and the actual cargo. Any discrepancies in product names, weights, or quantities must be addressed immediately. Failure to report such issues can lead to problems during customs clearance and result in liability for the LCL company.
Finally, when the goods depart the port and arrive at the destination, the bill of lading becomes a central document. It contains details such as the consignee and consignor names, the date and place of issue, the location of goods pickup and delivery, and the terms of carriage. The container bill of lading serves multiple functions: it defines the carrier's responsibility, acts as proof of delivery, confirms the contract of carriage, and serves as a property rights document.
In addition, the LCL company issues a house bill of lading (House B/L), which represents each individual shipment within the container. The consignee then uses this document to collect the goods from the local agent at the destination port.
Throughout the entire logistics process, documents play a critical role. As many parties involved in the shipment cannot see the actual goods, they rely entirely on the accuracy and timeliness of the documents. Proper documentation ensures smooth operations, reduces risks, and enhances transparency across the supply chain.